Hinduism is one of the world’s most widely-practiced religions, and therefore has diverse practices including diet. One of the main differences is vegetarian versus non-vegetarian: some Hindus eat meat, many do not. Indeed, the Vedas – the oldest scriptures of Hinduism – appear to have conflicting verses on this topic, with some prohibiting meat consumption, and others allowing it.

India: #1 Vegetarian Nation

India is the birthplace of Hinduism, and home to the largest Hindu population. It’s the most vegetarian country in the world: about 40% of its population does not eat meat. Approximately 31% of Indians follow a vegetarian diet which excludes eggs, while another 9% follow an ovo-vegetarian that includes eggs.

Many Hindus prefer a vegetarian or lacto-vegetarian lifestyle, with milk-based foods such as milk, butter and cheese. A typical Hindu lacto-vegetarian meal includes grains such as rice and wheat, legumes, green vegetables and dairy products. Some diets also include millet-based flatbreads.

Vegetarian diets are considered compassionate, respectful of life, and in sync with nature. Hinduism recommends ahimsa: non-violence against all life including animals. Many Hindus point to scriptures, such as the ancient Indian maxim that “nonviolence is the highest duty and the highest teaching,” as advocating a vegetarian diet.

Meat in Moderation: Avoid Beef, Pork

At the same time, many Hindus choose a diet including eggs, fish or certain other meat. Non-vegetarian Hindus prefer meats from poultry, fish, seafood, goat and lamb. Chicken is one of the most popular meats consumed by Hindus.

Hindus who eat meat typically avoid beef and pork. In Hindu belief, cows are revered as motherly and giving animals, akin to family. Pork is prohibited because it’s considered unclean.

Overall, India consumes the least amount of meat per person, of any major country. Non-vegetarian Hindus have meat-free meals on most days. And many meat-eating Hindus abstain from meat on key holidays such Dussera, Janmastami, Diwali, etc.

For meat production, Hindus favor the jhatka style of quick slaughter, which minimizes animal trauma and suffering.

Give Thanks

Hindus often pray or perform a brief ritual before a meal. It’s recommended that Hindus fold their hands, bow to their meal, and say a prayer of thanks.

Eat in Moderation

Moderation is an important part of the Hindu diet, and called Mitahara. The Bhagavad Gita includes verses on diet and moderation, stating one must neither eat too much nor too little. It recommends a Hindu “eat only when hungry” and “neither overeat nor fill the stomach to its full capacity.”

Reminder: In every celebration and observance, let’s embrace inclusivity in dining choices. Please be mindful of common food sensitivities and allergies, like nuts, gluten, dairy, and shellfish, when planning your meals. This consideration ensures that everyone can participate fully and safely in events.